Putem gasi pe internet o multime de programe pentru Linux care permit verficarea spatiului utilizat pe hard disk. Cu toatea acestea, Linux are un utilitar foarte puternic numit “df”, care vine de la “disk filesystem”.
Mai concret, “df” este un program dezvoltat pentru linia de comanda, si este folosit pentru a obtine o statistica completa despre spatiul disponibil si ocupat al hard disk-ului.
Tinand minte aceasta comanda, verificarea spatiului de pe hard va deveni o chestie banala. Trebuie doar sa deschideti terminalul si sa tastati comanda “df” urmata de cativa parametri.
Pentru a intelege si mai bine utilizarea instrumentului “df”, am sa va prezint o lista care va cuprinde cateva comenzi in terminal.
1. cum verificam spatiul folosit pe disc de fisierele sistemului
Comanda “df” afiseaza informatii despre numele dispozitivului, blocuri, spatiul total, spatiul folosit, spatiul disponibil si punctele de montare in sistemul de fisiere.
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 68767676 25058400 40209328 39% / none 4 0 4 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 2010520 4 2010516 1% /dev tmpfs 404008 856 403152 1% /run none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none 2020032 1108 2018924 1% /run/shm none 102400 36 102364 1% /run/user /dev/sda5 169387040 69906532 90869488 44% /media/rac/
2. afiseaza informatii pentru spatiul utilizat de toate fisierele sistemului
La fel ca mai sus, dar mai ofera cateva informatii despre sistemele de fisiere fictive, impreuna cu tot sistemul de utilizare al discului si memoria utilizata de acestea.
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df -a Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 68767676 25058356 40209372 39% / proc 0 0 0 - /proc sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys none 4 0 4 0% /sys/fs/cgroup none 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/fuse/connections none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/debug none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/security udev 2010520 4 2010516 1% /dev devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts tmpfs 404008 856 403152 1% /run none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none 2020032 1108 2018924 1% /run/shm none 102400 36 102364 1% /run/user gvfsd-fuse 0 0 0 - /run/user/rac/gvfs /dev/sda5 169387040 69906532 90869488 44% /media/rac/
3. afisarea spatiului utilizat pe hard disk in format inteles de catre oameni
Comenzile de mai sus afiseaza informatiile in bytes, ceea ce e este mai greu de inteles de catre cineva. De data aceasta, “df -h” afiseaza spatiul de pe hard disk , si il face foarte usor de citit si inteles de catre oameni.
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 66G 24G 39G 39% / none 4,0K 0 4,0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 2,0G 4,0K 2,0G 1% /dev tmpfs 395M 856K 394M 1% /run none 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock none 2,0G 1,1M 2,0G 1% /run/shm none 100M 36K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda5 162G 67G 87G 44% /media/rac/
4. afisare informatii despre /home
Pentru a afisa informatii doar despre sistemul de fisiere /home, intr-un format usor de citit si inteles de catre oameni.
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df -hT /home Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 ext4 66G 24G 39G 39% /
5. afisare informatii despre sistemul de fisiere in bytes
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df -k Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 68767676 25058552 40209176 39% / none 4 0 4 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 2010520 4 2010516 1% /dev tmpfs 404008 856 403152 1% /run none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none 2020032 1108 2018924 1% /run/shm none 102400 36 102364 1% /run/user /dev/sda5 169387040 69906532 90869488 44% /media/rac/
6. afisarea informatiilor despre sistemul de fisire in MB
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df -m Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 67156 24472 39267 39% / none 1 0 1 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 1964 1 1964 1% /dev tmpfs 395 1 394 1% /run none 5 0 5 0% /run/lock none 1973 2 1972 1% /run/shm none 100 1 100 1% /run/user /dev/sda5 165418 68269 88740 44% /media/rac/
7. afisarea informatiilor despre sistemul de fisire in Gb
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 66G 24G 39G 39% / none 4,0K 0 4,0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 2,0G 4,0K 2,0G 1% /dev tmpfs 395M 856K 394M 1% /run none 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock none 2,0G 1,1M 2,0G 1% /run/shm none 100M 36K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda5 162G 67G 87G 44% /media/rac/
8. afisarea structurii datelor pentru sistemul de fisiere
Folosind “-i”, vom afisa informatiile despre numarul structurilor de date folosite si procentajul acestora in sistemul de fisiere. [adsense float=”center”]
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df -i Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda1 4382720 306956 4075764 8% / none 505008 1 505007 1% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 502630 525 502105 1% /dev tmpfs 505008 477 504531 1% /run none 505008 3 505005 1% /run/lock none 505008 8 505000 1% /run/shm none 505008 21 504987 1% /run/user /dev/sda5 10764288 22250 10742038 1% /media/rac/
9. afisarea tipului sistemului de fisiere
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 ext4 68767676 25058920 40208808 39% / none tmpfs 4 0 4 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev devtmpfs 2010520 4 2010516 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 404008 856 403152 1% /run none tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none tmpfs 2020032 1108 2018924 1% /run/shm none tmpfs 102400 36 102364 1% /run/user /dev/sda5 ext4 169387040 69906532 90869488 44% /media/rac/
OBS: se va utiliza “T”, nu “t”.
10. include un anumit tip de sisteme de fisiere
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df -t ext4 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 68767676 25058896 40208832 39% / /dev/sda5 169387040 69906532 90869488 44% /media/rac/
11. Exclude un anumit tip de sistem de fisiere
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df -x ext4 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on none 4 0 4 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 2010520 4 2010516 1% /dev tmpfs 404008 856 403152 1% /run none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none 2020032 1108 2018924 1% /run/shm none 102400 36 102364 1% /run/user
12. afisare informatii despre comanda “df”
Folosind “–help”, se va afisa o lista de optiuni disponibile care sunt folosite cu comanda “df”.
rac@rac-Extensa-5620:~$ df --help Usage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]... Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides, or all file systems by default. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --all include dummy file systems -B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them. E.g., '-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes. See SIZE format below. --total produce a grand total -h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) -H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 -i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage -k like --block-size=1K -l, --local limit listing to local file systems --no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default) -P, --portability use the POSIX output format --sync invoke sync before getting usage info -t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE -T, --print-type print file system type -x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE -v (ignored) --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set). SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
Ultuma actualizare 10 June 2013 by Alexandru Ionut